Factors Related to Refusal of SARS-CoV-2 Testing by the Parents of Anemic Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi

Abstract

Objective: To determine the factors related to refusal of SARS-COVID testing by the parents of anemic children at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi.

Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, from February 2021 to June 2023. A convenient sampling technique was used to recruit 550 parents of symptomatic anemic children who were advised to undergo SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing. The study aimed to determine the factors associated with parental refusal of testing.

Results: Out of 550 parents advised to have their anemic children tested for COVID-19, 386 (70.2%) refused the test, while only 164 (29.8%) consented to testing. The most common reason for refusal was the belief that COVID-19 is merely a rumor (n = 290, 75.1%), followed by concerns that the test might be harmful or worsen their child's condition (n = 286, 74.1%). A statistically significant association was observed between test refusal and factors such as low parental education and rural background (p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion: More than 70% of parents refused SARS-CoV-2 testing for their anemic children. The refusal was more prevalent among parents with limited awareness, likely due to lower education levels and rural residence. Addressing these misconceptions through targeted health education programs is crucial for improving testing acceptance and ensuring better clinical outcomes for anemic children at risk of COVID-19 complications.